Black In America: A Special Report

The Big Payback:
How reparations activist Deadria Farmer-Paellmann turned a one-woman campaign into a triumphant national movement

KEMBA J. DUNHAM

Growing up in Brooklyn, Deadria Farmer-Paellmann listened to her grandfather wax poetic about how African-Americans deserved their 40 acres and a mule to make up for centuries of enslavement. Now she’s fighting to see that we finally get paid in full. For the past seven years, the 41-year-old reparations advocate has taken on some of America’s biggest corporations by proving that they profited—and continue to reap rewards—off the back of slave labor. In her latest move to get restitution, Farmer-Paellmann is serving as the lead plaintiff in a case against companies that allegedly made money from slavery. The landmark proceeding, which names 17 businesses, including Aetna and Bank of America, is currently up for review on the United States Supreme Court’s docket.

"Her strategy of going after the private sector is absolutely imaginative and creative," says Mary Frances Berry, a history professor at the University of Pennsylvania and former chairperson of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. "She is at the vanguard of the movement to try to get reparations taken seriously."

With a string of victories already under her belt, Farmer-Paellmann certainly has people sitting up and taking note. Along with other advocates, she has compelled businesses, such as J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. and Wachovia, to apologize for their role in slavery and to shell out millions to organizations like the NAACP and Howard University. She’s also triggered the passage of slavery disclosure laws around the country, forcing companies to fess up to their links to the slave trade.

"It is unreasonable for companies to keep wealth they acquired by stealing people, torturing laborers to work without compensation, and brutalizing those who resisted," she argues. “They must atone by paying restitution." Her current lawsuit demands a humanitarian trust fund be set up to benefit the descendants of slaves instead of individual payouts. "We need this capital for economic development, affordable housing, educational opportunities and health care," she says. "As a community we suffer in all these areas as a direct result of slavery."

The toilsome reparations fight became a passion for Farmer- Paellmann during law school, when she chose the controversial topic as the focus of a project. It became her full-time mission during her pregnancy with daughter Sabina in 1999.

Prepping for her battle has been far from easy. Farmer-Paellmann went through the laborious process of getting a list of present-day companies that existed in some form before 1865 and calling them, one by one, to grill them about past practices. Her enterprise is largely self-funded, and she relies on donations from family and friends and personal savings to forge ahead, despite naysayers who argue that the reparations fight is futile.

But Farmer-Paellmann says her progress speaks for itself. "We’ve won historic victories, and we got companies to pay $20 million," she says, referencing payments made by J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., Bank of America and Wachovia to Howard University and the NAACP and several other organizations. "If detractors were aware of these things, they would be a bit more optimistic."

 

Class Acts | Up-and-coming African-Americans and their working-class neighbors continue to clash. Can we all just get along? read full story »
40 Acres and a Mule | How reparations activist Deadria Farmer-Paellmann turned a one-woman campaign into a triumphant national movement read full story »
Women of War | Four sisters—a worried wife, a deployed soldier, a wounded warrior and a ready recruit—share their war testimonials and explain how it changed their lives for better or worse read full story »
An American Story | CNN's Soledad O'Brien traveled across the country, attending family reunions, visiting barbershops, and even going to prisons to explore the different facets of our lives read full story »
Death Sentence | Since 1980, the suicide rate among young Black men has doubled in poor and affluent homes read full story »
Arrested Development | ESSENCE explores why so many of our young kids are being treated
like criminals read full story »
Political Movers and Shakers | Meet the African-American women who influence and shape the 2008
presidential campaign read full story »
We've Come This Far By Faith | An associate general counsel integrates a southern school in 1965 read full story »
License To Kill | Far too many Black men have become victims of gun violence read full story »
Health Care 101 | Improve your health with these helpful tips read full story »
The History of AIDS | A 25-year timeline of AIDS in our community read full story »
The 2008 Bold & Beautiful | This year's courageous women who are setting historical precedents read full story »
The 2007 Bold & Beautiful | ESSENCE salutes Maya Angelou, Holly Robinson Peete and others read full story »
The 2006 Bold & Beautiful | Meet 25 of the world's most inspiring Black women read full story »
Most Influential African Americans of 2007 | ESSENCE pays homage to our inspiring leaders read full story »
Women of Influence 2007 | Meet 11 women who are revolutionizing the world read full story »
Who Killed King? | A new CNN documentary examines King's final hours read full story »
She Dreamed A World | We say good-bye to Coretta Scott King read full story »
Preserving the Dream | Dr. King's personal papers sell for $32 million read full story »
Dreams of My Father | Bernice King, talks about her father's legacy read full story »
No More Marches | Jill Nelson on why she has hung up her marching shoes read full story »

 


SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS
name:
comment:




I think what Farmer-Paellmann is doing is fantastic. I wish her all the success in the world. I want to support her and think that others should as well so I hope she has a website where people can donate money to help her with her cause.
1:19 PM | Carolina Girl
I think that what the Sister is doing is right on and I wish that I could talk to her and get her to come and speak in Detroit!!!!!!!!!!!! ministermalikshabazz@comcast.net
12:33 AM | Minister Malik Shabazz
forty acres and a mule, huh? just another reason for us not to get our asses in gear and get a real job. Maybe those still living who actually felt the effects of slavery in their lifetime is a topic that deserves discussion. But as for the younger generation, please, it's time to stop looking for a handout. You are NOT entitled to anything because your ancestor's suffered in order for you to live in the world you now live in. NOBODY owes you anything, a mindset that Dr. King feared would cripple the African American community. But that part of his message often goes curiously unmentioned.
7:38 AM | A self-sufficient young woman
I understand what she is doing and commend her, but I also feel we are always looking for handouts and excuses because of what happened years ago! I mean if those businesses are still a helping hand to the turmoil in Africa, Haiti and so forth then that is a reason to go after those companies. Our people have and always will have half their shadow in the past and the other half unconsciously in the present. When are we going to put the black card away for good and?
7:27 PM | Anonymous
I guess the last two commenters don't have a problem that a portion of their tax dollars are being used to pay for descendants (yes, the descendants) of white jewish victims of the holocaust, which didn't take place on US soil. Oh, by the way, the blackvictims of the holocaust aren't being paid reparations. But, I guess they should put away the "black card" and just be grateful for the wonderful society that they live in now. It's a fact that the effects of not only slavery, but segregation, lynchings, and current institutionalized racism have a major role in how the black community is progressing today. Reparations could help to build the black community just like it does for the jewish communities. I am a part of the "younger generation" and I feel the effects of slavery every day when I go to work as a black female attorney amongst the white faces. Trust me, the effects of racism lives on.
9:36 PM | Concerned for All
Wonderful, Wonderful, work. Other races and ethnicities have fought and received reparations, why can't we as African-Americans? It would be really cool if every person of African American descent could attend college for free. Those who chose not to attend college should receive a one time payment. But then the question would be, "How would we define who is Black?", since we have mixed with different races through the years?
10:09 PM | safa
Go sister go, I wish it would have stated how can other folks get involved in this! This is FAR from a handout. This is no different than the reparations that the JewS received for their pain & suffering...No other race endured 300+ years of slavery & then went through more hell during the Jim Crow/Civil rights era. You can't use people for hundreds of years, then finally free them & tell them go now we're done with you, get go on into the real world now with ABSOLUTELY NOTHING! This money that she's getting companies to give to Black organizations & insitutions should just be the tip of the iceberg....How about no taxes for decendants of slavery? How about these big corporations who profited off of slavery give monies to struggling, black owned businesses?
3:40 PM | Kia
I commend her for her work, and while I agree wholeheartedly with the cause, I do wonder whether our fight for reparations for oppression, not just slavery, would be better served if we focused more on the post-slavery era in which we were taxed without representation from the passing of the Grandfather Clause to the signing of the Civil Rights bill. America was founded on this premise would be hard pressed to deny the systematic methods to refuse the right of suffrage and representation as well as congressional gerrymandering in the century following Reconstruction.
6:49 PM | C. Jackson
Its funny...no one scouffed at reparations for the Japanese Americans that were held in American camps during WWII nor of the reparations to the atrocities suffered by Jews in "death" camps in the 40's. But b/c blacks seek reparations for building this country on free labor for hundred's of years, we are lazy and looking for a handout. I commend what she (Ms. Deadria Farmer-Paellmann) is doing...we can't begin to heal until slavery is addressed and accounted for. And I think the money should go into a trust fund - more so than giving to individuals and to organizations. It's a chance to spread the money where its most needed (education, housing, healthcare, etc). As we know, nothing comes for free- nor should the free labor of slavery and its atrocities. It has left a legacy - a legacy that is far from being over.
6:52 PM | Anonymous

I commend the attorney for the work she is doing. However, I wish the magazine would have included how to contact her for those of who would like to join her in this struggle. How about those of us who want to help Google her name and send her a donation?

I don't mean to minimize what she has done, however, 20 million dollars is a lot of money to me, but I feel that the four corporations got off cheaply - that averages 5 million dollars per corporation. That's pocket change for in payment for what could have been a PR disaster for them, thereby costing them money They would not want their stock holders and customers to get wind of this potential scandal. This is something that they would gladly sweep under the rug for only $5 million.

These big corporations pay more $5 million that for one year's advertising budget. A large company pay more than that in a personal injury lawsuit if they cause ONE person to die accidently. I say they got off ch

12:07 AM | Shayla
Addressing "A self-sufficient young woman". Since your ignorant "self-sufficient young woman" making those stupid comments...turn whatever might come your way pertaining to this topic down. If you can't saying anything nice, just stay out of it completely. You don't have the right to make those comments...little girl.
12:29 AM | Anonymous
I say GOD be with you Mrs. Farmer-Peallman. I commend you for your fight and would like to join in that fight for reparation. It angers me too, that although I am capable of holding a fulltime job, I live in a decent town home, but I could do better if it was not for the color of my skin. I have co-workers who speak frankly about how they can go into a bank, because their mother knows "so and so" with no job and bad credit get a loan, but me who has been a little late occassion in the past can't get two pennies to rub together. Racism has not gone away and it won't until america is brought to their knees and the only language they understand is "money". I tip my hat off to you. I'll google your name and pray you're there so I can help with your continuedeffort to help us all.
3:23 PM | Brigitte A. Rivers
YES MADE THEM PAY.HOW CAN I HELP WWW.WATERJRWJ@aol.com
1:02 AM | J.FOX
I commend her for having the strength and determination to fight for our reparations - which are 100 years long over due!!! We are still suffering from the economic impact of slavery.
10:48 AM | Kimberly
I commend her for all of her efforts.

I bet the Department of Energy in Washington, DC profited from slave labor. I was a contractor there and worked for a high level official as an Executive Assistant/Office Manager. I was the ONLY black in the office and one of my white "superiors" called me a "NIGA Master" via E-Mail. YES...I have copies! EEOC dismissed my case b/c I was a contractor and not a FED. There is something seriously WRONG if they get away with this! No I'm NOT a FED, but I am HUMAN!!! I have chosen to KEEP fighting this! I need Al Sharpton for this one!

Turia_Lennon@yahoo.com

2:09 PM | Turia
does anyone realize that regardless of your stance, racism does exist in this world on a daily basis. why do you think people of color have the highest incidences of HBP die earlier of strokes. you can blame it on the porkfat if you want to but...we all better wake up and unite to do whatever needs to be done to eliminate racism and make superior education available to all. i'm glad to see the money going to HBCs but are those in charge there making sure the money goes to those who don't have the finances to attend?
2:39 PM | paula togood barlow
Wonderful...keep up the good work,,,,press-on
4:07 PM | kim
Good Job Deadria,

I have followed this from the very beginning and I know it has been a long journey. I pray that you continue to find the strength to fight this battle. I want to thank for your hard work and determination.

4:40 PM | Sonya Reeves
Fantastic!! I've only read this one article and I am thankful for something being accomplished regarding reparations. This woman reflects the courage of those who bore the cruelty of slavery and, yet, still rose to do more. I applaud her endurance and hope that the corporations that have paid so far do not have the options they have enjoyed for years and be able to write these reparations off as tax donations, at our expense, ethnically speaking, since the beneficiaries are NAACP, and schools and other like institutions, that exist because of the perversion of slavery in this nation's history, directly or indirectly.
8:54 PM | PAHoui
Great job! I feel that this is a tremendous thing she is doing. I want to know how to get deeper involved with this cause. Slavery was an unjustafiable act put on our people and I feel that the discovery of companies that continually make money off of our ancestors should put forth as much money as possible to give not only the black youth who are going to school, but to more black owned business and entrprenuers who are trying to get their business started. Not having to go through so much red tape likethe government grants that are supposed to be there for everyone
1:34 AM | Rebecca, Tx
did someone on this board really compare black slaves imported from Africa to the holocaust. This person's delusions are what should be of concern. Hitler's "final solution" was to completely eradicate the Jewish race from the face of the earth. Six million and those who were counting had to stop because no one had the stomach for it anymore. Let's also try and remember that there are still Holocaust survivors living, you will be hardpressed to dig up a liberated slave. African slaves were worth more to their white masters dead than alive. And since you are looking for reparations, let's go back to the very beginning, all the way back to the motherland and the Africans who traded other Africans for blood money. Africa's trade in human flesh still goes on till this day. Anybody care to discuss that, hmmm? I wonder how regime's like Mugabe's would respond if approached for reparations as his country, to name one, is still actively participating in human trafficking......should b
7:35 AM | oh please
very interesting to say the very least
7:37 AM | oh please
Kia needs one apparently. No other race, huh? Someone has been very selective in their history classes. The Israeli's were enslaved by the Egyptians for 400 yrs, so try again. And if you think black American's are the only ones who have suffered youare truly living in Lala land. Human trafficking and exploitation has been going on for centuries, in many countries, and has not discriminated. How bout the current states of events in the African continent...........
9:15 AM | a history lesson
Ms. Farmer-Paellmann is absolutely correct. in her efforts to secure "the forty acres and a mule" for recompense. How African Americans were "enslaved and used" well up until WWII to enhance the wealth and domination of white corporate America is a holocaust that never would have been exposed were it not for Ms. Farmer-Paellmann's voice. United Steele is another one of the many corporations identified in a book by Douglas Blackmon, Slavery By Another Name, that corroborates the claim of extended slavery by many African Americans who have long since died. Yes the American government owes the descendants of slavery, a hell of lot more than a" mule and forty acres".
9:31 PM | Gwen Giorgis
I think because the goverment had a part in slavery, they should pay, by letting Blacks Americans not pay taxes on anything for the next 20 years. that would be a start.
6:49 AM | sidney
Big thumbs up for you for doing a wonderful job.
2:46 PM | Anonymous
As a great Grand child of a Union Soldier drafted by Abe since he coulnt pay $300 to buy his way out of the draft (later killed in some field in PA,) I demand the same payment.

No Justic No peace

9:55 AM | Paul
Every last one of you that have anything negative to say about this, need to have your head examined, literally, this country is rich of the back of black folks. We don't even have our own communities like other ethnic groups. We don't even have a singlesolitary place to send our children to be trained and educated. Nothing, nothing, nothing and all you can do is run your mouth. Is it fair that the wealthy keeps on getting wealthy off the oney that our people broke their backs on and we can even get thesame wage on the same job as a white male in America. there are plenty of black men and women who are out there struggling daily to make ends meet who need that boost to help them get out of the poverty situation and all you can do is say something negative. What about just not saying anything at all. since you abviously won't be there to help fight ( but you will be there with your hands out, won't you) when success does come. america has to go back and take care of their first busine
4:23 PM | Philip Bridges
it is such an priviledge to have a strong black woman to fight for our rights in this great country tha my for fathers worked and lost their lives so we as black amercians can have abetter life,iam aolder black woman .i exprienced so much hatred aganist blacks and aganist my sons .in the early 80.,thank you for speaking out and being the voice of so many of us .may god bless you.
9:14 AM | r brown
It is not hand outs and excuses to make companies that were involved in the slave trade pay for wages they did not pay to a people who were forced into labor without any means of support.

We should not have the mindset of continued victims of the crimes of slavery. Victims are helpless we are not helpless nor hopeless. Our priorities should be to empower each other, and see to it that we accomplish our personal goals and help those less fortunate, who want to help themselves. As it is it is every manfor himself, which is foolish to say the least.

No, no one owes us anything but they did owe our ancestors 40 acres and a mule. i am proud of what she is doing and the way she is going about doing it. a humanitiariam trust fund is a great ideal, slaveshuman rights were exactly the issue stripped from them. Great Job!

4:02 PM | Anonymous
I think what she is doing is great! If the Native American's and the Japanese from Hiroshima are still getting paid to this day for what has happened to them. And now there is a bill up to be pass for the Jewish people getting paid restitution, why should African-Americans not get something for what our descendents went through. We should considerate it a hand up instead of a hand out. Because no matter what you think, THINGS STILL ARE NOT EQUAL!
3:17 PM | Victoria
I thank God for you sister, please stay strong and continue the fight, it's important that our ancestor life did not go in vain, because, of Slavery, Our people are so far behind, economically, I am a single black female, strugging, to raisie two daughters, The harm that was done to Slaves family is unbelieveable, reading and learning about effect slavery did to our people, I cry and cry, its really hurts, to imagine what our ancester with through, because it have effect generation after generation. Thank you.
6:34 PM | Geneva Jackson
I think what Farmer-Paellmann is doing is wondefull. But what bothers me is the giving of the money to schools like Howard when there are millions of young black children (yes decendents of slaves) who won't get out of high school let alone get to college. Let's address that and come up with a solution to raise graduation rates among our childeren and literacy rates among black people in general, then we can talk about college. Until then, I believe that it would be wiser to put that money to use preparing children for high school and beyond. With the emphasis on high school. We as a people need to look at education from the begining. It's fine to have aspirations to go to college but please let's give our childeren the tools to achieve that end.
12:34 AM | black man in KY
I certainly admire her courage and faith, but I would love to see the reparations used to invest in black owned female businesses or male owned businesses to help us gain some of the wealth of this country that is as of today still not available.
4:08 PM | Barbara J. McDavid
Why did the school not call Nanny 911 for little 6 year old Desser'e like they always do for the little 6 year old White children?

Also, it is only the right thing to do by America paying reparation to the chosen Blacks who've suffered as a result of slavery. For example those Blacks who had drugs and guns dropped in their neighborhoods. Whoever deposited the guns and drugs there should be chargable.

5:55 PM | Anonymous
Wow. As a white man growing up in a sheltered American community, I was oblivious to the race issue. As I got ordered I began to notice it and wondered what was keeping this repulsive issue alive. And now I know; it's publications like this that continue to perpetuate the ignorance of racial discrimination. Obama can't change the world for African Americans, but he can be the catalyst. Use this opportunity to "Change" your life and seize your greatness. Stop whining and looking for handouts, it doesn???t help anyone.
9:15 AM | Ryan
In a 300 year+ race how can we catch up?????????????????? We can make strides, but in a race between turtle and a hair it not always how the race is won, but who finishes..........
11:40 AM | Richard M. Henderson
Fantastic work Deadria. I would like all of the names of the companies made public so we can take other economic action against them.
11:57 AM | Robyn R. Bowne
The Chinese got their reparations, so did the Jews, Native Americans. WHY FOR GOD'S SAKE CAN WE GET OURS!!!!!
1:19 PM | cherylecayce@aol.com
Do you know what a trust fund baby is? Black kids don't!!! Do you know about when the white parents tell their children-Tommy, here is $50,000...go travel the world and find yourself!?! Black children don't!!! We need to fight for some money jus' to get a break in time so that we can discover who we really are, and what we really need and desire to be in life WE NEED REPARATIONS!!! God knows, $50,000 will change my life forever, and give me the chance I need to take one year to get myself together...anyone who can help email me GQ9173097914@yahoo.com P.S. I can double your money if you invest in me OneLove
4:52 PM | Trust -Fund Babies!!!
Do you know what a trus fund baby is? Black children don't! A trus fund baby is a popular term in white families, not in black familes! Every child including me need to buy some time so they can go somewhere and think about thir lives and what they really need to be doing with their lives...Everyone says I am a great musician but I have to fight for the time to get into my creative realm without worrying about the pressures of bills every month...QUICK! email me $50,000...Ican double your money in two years! My email is GQ9173097914@yahoo.com Every good deed gets rewarded...OneLove-Q-
5:01 PM | Trust -Fund Babies!!!
Personally, I think it is outrageous to try to sue a company for something that did not occur to that individual. If these reparations were being paid to people who were enslaved by these companies, it would be an honorable and justifiable lawsuit. She never lived as a slave and the current business owners she is suing have never employed a slave (unless one of them is a measly 143-years-young).

Slavery impacted her life so drastically that she could only become a lawyer, I feel so bad for her. I do not condone racism or slavery one bit, but I really do not like people who file illegitimate lawsuits on any innocent person (even if it is business with high capital). Nobody takes into consideration that these current business owners have never used the services of a slave and probably don???t have racist bone in their body. Should they really be punitively damaged for what their dead ancestor did?

I think the reason this is considered ???a one woman movement??? is because most of

12:08 PM | Person who does not sue innocent people
I think the reason this is considered ???a one woman movement??? is because most of society understands the current business owner had nothing to do with human resource operations in 1865! Or maybe it is because other people consider it unethical tomoney from an innocent person. I have to give her credit though??? She is an intelligent person who is equipped with the most important value for being a lawyer, greed. I know what lawyer I???m calling when I need to file a fraudulent lawsuit on annt person, someone with the same moral and value beliefs as Farmer-Paellmann.

whoopisteet@yahoo.com

12:10 PM | cut my last message off